By Noam Chomsky
The crimes also elicited a flood of commentary, inquiring
into the roots of these shocking assaults in Islamic culture and exploring ways
to counter the murderous wave of Islamic terrorism without sacrificing our
values. The New York Times described the assault as a "clash of
civilizations," but was corrected by Times columnist Anand Giridharadas,who tweeted that
it was "Not & never a war of civilizations or between them. But a war
FOR civilization against groups on the other side of that line.
#CharlieHebdo."
The scene in Paris was described vividly in the New
York Timesby veteran Europe correspondent Steven Erlanger: "a
day of sirens, helicopters in the air, frantic news bulletins; of police
cordons and anxious crowds; of young children led away from schools to safety.
It was a day, like the previous two, of blood and horror in and around
Paris."
Erlanger also quoted a surviving journalist who said that
"Everything crashed. There was no way out. There was smoke everywhere. It
was terrible. People were screaming. It was like a nightmare." Another
reported a "huge detonation, and everything went completely dark."
The scene, Erlanger reported, "was an increasingly familiar one of smashed
glass, broken walls, twisted timbers, scorched paint and emotional
devastation."
These last quotes, however -- as independent journalist
David Peterson reminds us -- are not from January 2015. Rather, they are from a report by Erlanger on April 24
1999, which received
far less attention. Erlanger was reporting on the NATO "missile attack on
Serbian state television headquarters" that "knocked Radio Television
Serbia off the air," killing 16 journalists.
"NATO and American officials defended the
attack," Erlanger reported,
"as an effort to undermine the regime of President Slobodan Milosevic of
Yugoslavia." Pentagon spokesman Kenneth Bacon told a briefing in
Washington that "Serb TV is as much a part of Milosevic's murder machine
as his military is," hence a legitimate target of attack.
There were no demonstrations or cries of outrage, no
chants of "We are RTV," no inquiries into the roots of the attack in
Christian culture and history. On the contrary, the attack on the press was
lauded. The highly regarded U.S. diplomat Richard Holbrooke, then envoy to
Yugoslavia, described the successful attack on RTV as "an enormously
important and, I think, positive development," a sentiment echoed by
others.
There are many other events that call for no inquiry into
western culture and history -- for example, the worst single terrorist atrocity
in Europe in recent years, in July 2011, when Anders Breivik, a Christian
ultra-Zionist extremist and Islamophobe, slaughtered 77 people, mostly
teenagers.
Also ignored in the "war against terrorism" is
the most extreme terrorist campaign of modern times -- Barack Obama's global
assassination campaign targeting people suspected of perhaps intending to harm
us some day, and any unfortunates who happen to be nearby. Other unfortunates
are also not lacking, such as the 50 civilians reportedly killed in a
U.S.-led bombing raid in Syria in
December, which was barely reported.
One person was indeed punished in connection with the NATO
attack on RTV -- Dragoljub Milanović, the general manager of the station, who
was sentenced by the European Court of Human Rights to 10 years in prison for
failing to evacuate the building,according to the Committee to
Protect Journalists. TheInternational Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia considered the NATO attack,
concluding that it was not a crime, and although civilian casualties were
"unfortunately high, they do not appear to be clearly
disproportionate."
The comparison between these cases helps us understand the
condemnation of the New York Times by civil rights lawyer Floyd Abrams, famous
for his forceful defense of freedom of expression. "There are times for
self-restraint," Abrams wrote, "but
in the immediate wake of the most threatening assault on journalism in living
memory, [the Times editors] would have served the cause of free expression best
by engaging in it" by publishing the Charlie Hebdo cartoons ridiculing
Mohammed that elicited the assault.
Abrams is right in describing the Charlie Hebdo attack as
"the most threatening assault on journalism in living memory." The
reason has to do with the concept "living memory," a category
carefully constructed to include Their crimes against us while scrupulously
excluding Our crimes against them -- the latter not
crimes but noble defense of the highest values, sometimes inadvertently flawed.
This is not the place to inquire into just what was being
"defended" when RTV was attacked, but such an inquiry is quite
informative (see my A New Generation Draws the Line).
There are many other illustrations of the interesting
category "living memory." One is provided by the Marine assault against Fallujah in November 2004, one of the worst
crimes of the U.S.-UK invasion of Iraq.
The assault opened with occupation of Fallujah General
Hospital, a major war crime quite apart from how it was carried out.
The crime was reported prominently on the front page of the New York Times,
accompanied with a photograph depicting how "Patients and hospital
employees were rushed out of rooms by armed soldiers and ordered to sit or lie
on the floor while troops tied their hands behind their backs." The
occupation of the hospital was considered meritorious and justified: it
"shut down what officers said was a propaganda weapon for the militants:
Fallujah General Hospital, with its stream of reports of civilian
casualties."
Evidently, this is no assault on free expression, and does
not qualify for entry into "living memory."
There are other questions. One would naturally ask how
France upholds freedom of expression and the sacred principles of
"fraternity, freedom, solidarity." For example, is it through the
Gayssot Law, repeatedly implemented, which effectively grants the state the
right to determine Historical Truth and punish deviation from its edicts? By
expelling miserable descendants of Holocaust survivors (Roma) to bitter
persecution in Eastern Europe? By the deplorable treatment of North African
immigrants in the banlieues of Paris where the Charlie Hebdo terrorists became
jihadis? When the courageous journal Charlie Hebdo fired the cartoonist Siné on
grounds that a comment of his was deemed to have anti-Semitic connotations?
Many more questions quickly arise.
Anyone with eyes open will quickly notice other rather
striking omissions. Thus, prominent among those who face an "enormous
challenge" from brutal violence are Palestinians, once again during
Israel's vicious assault on Gaza in the summer of 2014, in which
many journalists were murdered, sometimes in well-marked press cars, along with
thousands of others, while the Israeli-run outdoor prison was again reduced to
rubble on pretexts that collapse instantly on examination.
Also ignored was the assassination of three more
journalists in Latin America in December, bringing the number for the year to
31. There have been more than a dozen journalists killed in Honduras alone since the military coup of 2009
that was effectively recognized by the U.S. (but few others), probably
according post-coup Honduras the per capita championship for murder of
journalists. But again, not an assault on freedom of press within living
memory.
It is not difficult to elaborate. These few examples
illustrate a very general principle that is observed with impressive dedication
and consistency: The more we can blame some crimes on enemies, the greater the
outrage; the greater our responsibility for crimes -- and hence the more we can
do to end them -- the less the concern, tending to oblivion or even denial.
Contrary to the eloquent pronouncements, it is
not the case that "Terrorism is terrorism. There's no two ways about
it." There definitely are two ways about it: theirs versus ours. And not
just terrorism. CNN January 19, 2015.
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